# Eleven Years: claim audit

Reviewed 11 October 2026. This is a source-to-claim review of the website, not independent validation of underlying death records or a certification of institutions.

| Claim group | Evidence and disposition |
| --- | --- |
| National 74 / 85 years | Matches Statistics Canada's cited release for Registered or Treaty First Nations and non-Indigenous linked census cohorts. Eleven is the arithmetic difference. Private-household coverage and exclusions remain disclosed. |
| US decline 2.4 years | CDC reports 78.8 to 76.4, 2019–2021. All-cause decline, not deaths attributed solely to COVID. The 4.6 ratio compares numerical differences, not trauma or mortality risk. |
| Alberta 63.1 / 81.3 | Directly published 2021 estimates, both sexes, in AHS Annual Monitoring Measures 2024-25, provincial table p. 2, data dated 9 June 2025. Difference: 18.2 years. The 2022-23 report p. 21 listed 63.1 / 81.4 for 2021. The chart identifies its publication vintage. |
| Alberta sex-specific source trail | APTN reports rounded 60 / 66 for First Nations men / women and 79 / 84 for non-First Nations. Arithmetic differences are 19 / 18. Kept in source notes; underlying unrounded sex-specific table not retrieved. No reconstructed sex-specific bars. |
| Alberta methods | AHS identifies life expectancy at birth calculated by Alberta Health. A separate 2025 population study documents administrative population and vital-statistics data and abridged five-year life tables. A historical 2014 indicator specification describes complete life tables and different classification details. Methods and coverage are not assumed interchangeable. |
| BC 73.3 to 67.2 | Matches FNHA's indicator update for Status First Nations, 2017–2021. A within-population decline of 6.1, not a matched population gap. |
| Manitoba 68 / 72 | Matches rounded report text, Chapter 5, printed pages 63 and 65. Approximately eleven-year gaps are reported for both sexes. Reconstructed comparator bars were removed. |
| Saskatchewan 96.3 / 13.8 | Matches the NITHA/ISC report, printed page 153, for polysubstance deaths in 2023. Page 165 describes denominator overestimation and investigation-related undercounting. No corrected risk ratio asserted. |
| Nova Scotia and Regina | No local life-expectancy number supplied. Missing evidence is not treated as absence of harm. |
| Saskatoon warning, policy and review | NCCIH and Boyer/Bartlett support the chronology and consent-policy criticism. The external review documents lived experiences and ten Calls to Action; it is not a population prevalence survey. |
| Apology and civil claim | APTN's October 2017 report supports both. No current litigation disposition asserted. |
| Birth support program | SHA describes its program and connection to the review. This is institutional reporting, not independent proof coercion ended. |
| CMA | Senate testimony supports legislative advocacy and acknowledgment of the profession's role. No claim that advocacy proves prevention. |
| CPSS | Lombard's Commons allegation remains attributed. Published consent policy requires voluntary informed consent and freedom from coercion; it lists approval in 2011 and amendment in 2022. The Canadian Press reported acknowledgment of a federal letter in January 2019. No case-specific investigation result, disciplinary finding or remedy verified. |
| SMA | Primary pages document broader EDI work, a joint 2023 professional racism survey, an anti-racism guide and a reconciliation commitment. The EDI complaint route excludes the public. These records do not establish a sterilization-specific response or measured survivor protection. Missing results do not establish inaction. |
| NWAC | Commons testimony supports the attributed recommendations on Indigenous accountability, regulatory cooperation and monitoring. |
| Sterilization amendment | Enacted statute confirms Royal Assent and wording clarifying wounding or maiming. Enactment does not establish enforcement or survivor remedies. |
| Child welfare and Jordan's Principle | Caring Society's linked tribunal record supports discrimination and subsequent non-compliance proceedings. No universal statement about all services. |
| TRC | Its introduction supports the historical policy and cultural-genocide characterization. Health Calls 18–24 supply existing recommendations. Neither is used as a finding about every present institution. |
| OCAP and First Nations institutions | FNIGC supports the four principles. Listed organizations have distinct mandates; none is presented as speaking for all Nations. |
| Boundaries and structural pathways | Constitutional allocation of powers is sourced. Statistical aggregation and cumulative-harm discussion are analysis. No claim that provinces were founded solely to conceal statistics, no quantified causal allocation of the survival gap. |
| Editorial artwork | Rhetorical question and editorial judgment, not an additional evidentiary source. |

## Source locations

The website's adjacent source links and expandable notes identify the publications and reporting periods for each entry. Saskatchewan and Manitoba PDFs were also checked through locally extracted report text when web extraction failed. The TRC introductory language was cross-checked against its Principles of Truth and Reconciliation report.

## Records checked in this update

- **Alberta:** [AHS 2024-25 annual table, p. 2](https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/about/publications/ahs-pub-monitoring-measures-annual.pdf#page=2), [May 2025 definition notes](https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/about/publications/ahs-pub-monitoring-measures-2024-25-annual-definitions.pdf), and [2022-23 annual-report supplement, p. 21](https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/about/publications/ahs-pub-pr-2022-23-q4-supplemental-information.pdf#page=21). The older table's different comparator is preserved in the website's source notes. [APTN reporting](https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/first-nations-life-expectancy-plummets-in-alberta-due-to-opioid-deaths/) remains the source for the rounded sex-specific figures. The [2025 population study](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11982942/) explains its status-based AHCIP identification, on- and off-reserve coverage and abridged method. The [February 2014 indicator definition](https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/c7e3fc16-7aea-455c-96a1-20811a640b1a/resource/a2a36046-509a-4da5-96ab-98339832e137/download/pmd-life-expectancy-birth.pdf) was retrievable through indexed text only. Its historical category includes Status Indians and Inuit, excludes non-status Indians and Metis, and uses health-insurance registry denominators with coverage exclusions. It is not treated as proof of the later dataset's exact scope.
- **CPSS:** [Consent policy, section 3](https://www.cps.sk.ca/imis/ContentBuddyDownload.aspx?DocumentVersionKey=8c61e870-c7ce-4c5d-a8b5-a39cc53e357a), [Commons testimony](https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/42-1/hesa/meeting-153/evidence), [Canadian Press report, 11 January 2019](https://ckpgtoday.ca/2019/01/11/the-door-has-widened-senator-hears-of-mounting-sterilization-concerns-2/), and the [public discipline page](https://www.cps.sk.ca/imis/web/Public/Registrant_Discipline/Summary_of_Registrant_Discipline/web/Physicians/Law___Guidance/Physician_Discipline/Annual_Discipline_Summary.aspx?hkey=72d0955a-7b5c-48c5-a76a-29165b98d37e). The discipline page exposed pending cases and the first 20 of 215 completed records, with broad labels. It cannot be matched reliably to the anonymized D.D.S. account. Annual-report and DocTalk landing pages did not expose their historical document lists in the retrieved text. Indexed searches were also checked. This was not a complete review of disciplinary files.
- **SMA:** [EDI page](https://www.sma.sk.ca/equity-diversity-and-inclusion/), [reconciliation page](https://www.sma.sk.ca/equity-diversity-and-inclusion/truth-and-reconciliation/), [9 October 2026 announcement](https://www.sma.sk.ca/new-artwork-inspires-our-commitment-to-health-related-trc-calls-to-action/), [publications index](https://www.sma.sk.ca/publications/) and [Digest index](https://www.sma.sk.ca/digest/), plus indexed searches for forced/coerced sterilization and tubal ligation. The retrieved Digest index listed 2018-2021 issues but did not expose complete issue text. Complete historical publications, member-only records and representative-assembly minutes were not examined. No claim of an exhaustive archive search.

## Remaining limits

- No independent audit of underlying vital records or enumeration completeness.
- No verified CPSS case-specific outcome or comprehensive SMA archive review. Public policies, statements and accessible indexes establish limited parts of the record; they cannot establish the absence of investigation or action.
- Alberta's unrounded sex-specific source table and full record-linkage audit remain outstanding. Historical classification rules are disclosed as historical, not asserted as a complete description of the 2021 dataset.
- No verified Regina or Nova Scotia life table.
- No claim that every displayed series is the newest available release.
- Browser rendering could not be inspected with the available Sites workflow. Syntax, internal anchors, chart arithmetic and responsive CSS were checked; this does not certify appearance on an actual phone.

## Parliamentary follow-through

Added attributed ISC and Indigenous midwifery testimony from the Senate hearing of 20 March 2024. This establishes what witnesses reported then, not present effectiveness or a case-specific disciplinary outcome.


### Existing Senate accountability recommendations

Added a concise benchmark beside the professional-body comparison: the Senate Human Rights Committee's recommendations 2 and 5 in *The Scars that We Carry*, Part II (July 2022). These address discipline, consent, licensing-related training and complaint responses. Source: https://sencanada.ca/content/sen/committee/441/ridr/reports/ridr_forcedsterilization_e.pdf (printed pp. 40–41; recommendations 2 and 5 on p. 40). Recommendations are distinguished from implementation and case-specific findings. No comprehensive implementation assessment is claimed.


### Reading experience edit

Consolidated repeated accountability explanations into the professional comparison's introduction. Folded Senate recommendations, effectiveness testimony and NWAC supporting detail beneath one visible protection benchmark. Removed repeated institution-specific “accountability test” prompts. All external source links, numerical panels and distinctions between testimony, policy and verified outcomes were retained. Internal anchors, unique IDs, details balance and JavaScript syntax checked; rendered mobile layout not verified.


### Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia: verified aggregation gap

Checked the complete English CSV for Statistics Canada table 17-10-0160-01 (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/17100160-eng.zip). Its geography categories include Prairies and Atlantic, but neither Saskatchewan nor Nova Scotia separately. Updated both regional panels to explain this scope; did not substitute regional averages or invent provincial estimates. This verifies aggregation in this table, not concealment intent or universal absence of data. The Nova Scotia panel links the Union of Nova Scotia Mi’kmaq report collection as a source trail. A referenced Tui’kn mortality bulletin could not be retrieved and no numerical claims were drawn from it. Saskatchewan polysubstance rates and their caveats remain unchanged.


### Nova Scotia mortality chart

Replaced the empty Nova Scotia panel with the Strength in Numbers registry infographic's historical comparison: 80% of deaths before age 75 in included Mi’kmaw communities versus 38% in Nova Scotia overall, 2004–2013. Infographic produced in 2018; reproduced original visually inspected at https://pressbooks.atlanticoer-relatlantique.ca/app/uploads/sites/795/2021/11/4.9-Deaths-in-Mikmaw-Communities-in-Nova-Scotia.png and checked against its accessible transcription. It excludes Acadia and Sipekne’katik First Nations and reports six in ten deaths as potentially avoidable. The graph explicitly describes historical shares of deaths, not risk, an age-adjusted rate or life expectancy. Full methods and a newer comparable series remain unverified. The prior inability to retrieve the original PDF is now supplemented by this reproduced primary graphic. Updated the coverage table and made the shared graph axis use the panel's own unit.


### Saskatchewan counting gaps and broader mortality evidence

Added expandable evidence to the Saskatchewan panel from NITHA's 2010–2015 vital-statistics chapter: coverage/address exclusions, unavailable accurate live-birth counts, unstable life-expectancy and age-standardized mortality estimates, and causes known for 137 of 197 recorded deaths. The difference of 60 describes unknown causes within recorded deaths, not missing death registrations. Scope remains northern NITHA partnership communities. Added Feir and Akee's 2019 provincial analysis as broader all-cause mortality evidence, with 2010–2013 scope and no invented life-expectancy value. Both original sources are linked.